The Journal of Face Aesthetics (JoFA) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by the Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland. Articles are published in English. The journal is freely available online (Open Access) and for a fee in the printed version. The first issue of JoFA was released in 2018. JoFA provides an international platform for disseminating high-quality research and scholarly discussion in all aspects of facial aesthetics. The journal fosters collaboration among scientists and specialists across disciplines to advance understanding of facial aesthetics in medicine, dentistry, the humanities, cosmetology, and related fields. The journal publishes original research articles, systematic reviews, case reports, narrative reviews, and editorial letters. The editorial team is committed to promoting innovative and interdisciplinary research that broadens perspectives on facial aesthetics and contributes to the advancement of both science and practice. Research published in JoFA explores diverse populations across cultural and geographical contexts, reflecting multiple beauty canons. The journal aims to present research results in a clear and accessible way so that findings are understandable and useful to all interested audiences. This inclusive approach supports a deeper understanding of population differences and encourages evidence-based decision-making in health and aesthetics. All manuscripts undergo evaluation by two independent reviewers, ensuring a rigorous peer-review process and maintaining the journal’s high scientific and ethical standards. We warmly invite you to read JoFA and submit your manuscripts for publication. We are confident that JoFA will serve as a valuable source of knowledge for everyone interested in facial aesthetics and as a forum for sharing the latest scientific achievements in this dynamic field.
Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
Factors influencing the decision to initiate orthodontic treatment in patients seeking orthodontic consultation
Introduction and aim. The decision to initiate orthodontic treatment is influenced by multiple factors beyond clinical need alone. Even patients with comparable malocclusion severity may differ in their willingness to undergo therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the association between selected demographic and occlusal characteristics and the decision to initiate orthodontic treatment in a retrospective clinical cohort. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted using clinical records of 902 patients attending an initial orthodontic consultation between 2022 and 2024. Data collected during the first visit included gender, age, skeletal class, dental crowding, spacing, crossbite, scissor bite, and vertical overbite. Patients were categorized into three age groups. The outcome variable was treatment initiation, defined as the start of active orthodontic therapy. The proportion of patients initiating treatment was calculated for each subgroup and compared statistically. Results. Age was significantly associated with treatment initiation (p < 0.001), with the highest uptake observed in younger patients (62.59%) and the lowest in older individuals (27.12%). Dental crowding was also significantly associated with treatment decisions (58.81% vs. 50.00%, p = 0.038). No significant differences were found for gender, skeletal class, spacing, crossbite, scissor bite, or vertical overbite (p > 0.05). Conclusions. Age and dental crowding were the only factors significantly associated with the decision to initiate orthodontic treatment. Other analysed occlusal characteristics did not demonstrate a significant relationship with treatment uptake. These findings suggest that treatment decisions are influenced selectively by factors that are more directly perceived by patients, rather than uniformly by all clinical features.
Copyright (c) 2026 The copyright to the submitted manuscript is held by the Author, who grants the Journal of Face Aesthetics (JoFA) a nonexclusive licence to use, reproduce, and distribute the work, including for commercial purposes. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The report from the 16th International Skin Ageing & Challenges Congress
On 11 and 12 November, Valencia, Spain hosted the 16th International Skin Ageing & Challenges Congress. This year's focus was 'Rethinking Skin Ageing'. This Skin Ageing & Challenges Congress is an annual meeting of scientists, clinicians, and cosmetics-industry innovators to explore the latest advances in skin ageing and apply them to longevity and regeneration.
Facial profile aesthetics – a comparison of conventional and surgery-first approach
Introduction. The surgery‑first approach is increasingly used in orthognathic surgery as an alternative to conventional treatment sequencing. By performing skeletal correction at the beginning of therapy, this method allows for an immediate improvement in facial aesthetics. Aim. This study aims to present the surgery‑first approach in the management of skeletal anterior jaw discrepancies, focusing on its aesthetic outcomes as well as its benefits and limitations. Material and methods. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, following descriptors: facial aesthetics, facial profile, surgery- first approach, orthognathic surgery, and skeletal class III malocclusion. Articles published in English and Polish between 2021 and 2025 were included. Results. The literature review showed that the surgery‑first approach provides immediate improvement in facial profile aesthetics, shortens overall treatment time, and maintains stable postoperative outcomes. Conclusions. The surgery‑first approach is a promising alternative to conventional treatment, particularly with regard to facial aesthetics and early patient satisfaction.
Synergistic Anti-Aging Strategies for Facial Skin: Instrumental Procedures, Diet, and Supplementation
Introduction. Skin aging is a natural biological process influenced by both endogenous and exogenous factors. Modern aesthetic cosmetology aims to develop effective anti-aging prevention methods that combine various therapeutic approaches to maintain youthful skin appearance. Aim. The aim of this review article was to present the synergistic effects of device-based treatments, a balanced diet, and properly selected supplementation in the comprehensive prevention of facial skin aging. Material and methods. Based on a literature review from 2013 to 2025, the mechanisms of selected technologies—such as radiofrequency, ultrasound, laser therapy, and carboxytherapy—were analyzed. Additionally, the role of nutrients and dietary supplements that support skin regeneration processes wasdiscussed. Results and conclusions. The reviewed studies indicate that the combination of device-based therapies with a balanced diet and supplementation provides better aesthetic outcomes than the use of single methods. An integrated anti-aging approach allows for the long-term maintenance of skin firmness, elasticity, and a healthy facial appearance. Effective anti-aging prevention requires both external and internal care, including a holistic understanding of skin physiology and individualized cosmetological strategies.
Assessment of photoprotection knowledge among cosmetology clinic clients with a diagnosis of rosacea.
Abstract Introduction and aim. Rosacea is a common, chronic inflammatory dermatosis, primarily affecting individuals with skin phototypes I and II according to the Fitzpatrick scale. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays a significant role in triggering exacerbations of rosacea, making appropriate photoprotection a crucial component of both treatment and daily skincare management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge and awareness of photoprotection among clients of cosmetology clinics with diagnosis of rosacea. Materials and methods. The study was conducted using an anonymous survey consisting of 31 questions, which was administered to 60 adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of rosacea. The questionnaire included questions regarding demographic data, clinical symptoms, disease duration, lifestyle factors, and knowledge of sun protection. Additionally, the survey collected data on the types of sunscreens used, their level of protection, and the frequency of application. Results. The results revealed that most respondents were aware of the impact of UV radiation on the progression of rosacea. Women demonstrated a higher level of knowledge regarding photoprotection and more frequently used recommended photoprotection practices compared to men. The analysis identified significant gaps in sunscreen reapplication practices, the amount of product applied, and knowledge of sunscreen types. Conclusions. These findings indicate the need for intensified educational efforts to promote proper and effective photoprotection as a significant strategy in preventing rosacea exacerbations, improving disease management, and enhancing patients’ quality of life.
Functional-aesthetic camouflage of the dentition in bilateral total cleft – ethical and socio-social aspects
Cleft lip and palate is the most common developmental defect of the craniofacial region, leading to significant functional and aesthetic disorders of the bite and face. Despite interdisciplinary treatment from the first days of life, some patients do not have their treatment completed by the time they reach adulthood, remaining with abnormalities in facial morphology, function and aesthetics. The purpose of this study is to present the case of an adult patient with bilateral total cleft palate with unfinished treatment in whom a temporary aesthetic-functional camouflage was applied in the form of a custom-fitted thermoformable plate with embedded incisal veneers on the lateral incisal teeth. The temporary solution used enabled stabilization of the incisal segment, improved articulation, food consumption and smile aesthetics. A significant increase in the patient's psychological comfort and motivation to continue treatment was observed.
aesthetic camouflage with thermoformable plate
Copyright (c) 2025 The copyright to the submitted manuscript is held by the Author, who grants the Journal of Face Aesthetics (JoFA) a nonexclusive licence to use, reproduce, and distribute the work, including for commercial purposes. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Surgical orbital decompression in Graves' orbitopathy
Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a chronic autoimmune condition causing inflammation in the orbit, leading to exophthalmos (bulging eyes) and a "startled" look. Untreated, it can cause corneal ulcers or vision loss, making early diagnosis vital. This report details a 37-year-old female admitted for urgent surgery due to progressive GO since December 2023. Presenting with asymmetric exophthalmos, superior orbital muscle enlargement, and excess retrobulbar fat, she was qualified for right orbital decompression surgery. The procedure involved lateral and medial orbital wall access, resection of a bone segment, and removal of 3.5 ml of periorbital fat. This increased orbital volume and successfully reduced the exophthalmos. The patient was also referred for strabismus and eyelid retraction correction, with potential blepharoplasty. Orbital decompression is sometimes an emergency procedure in advanced GO. Treatment is individualised and interdisciplinary, combining drugs, radiotherapy, and surgery based on disease severity.
Frame selection to maintain the consistency of facial aesthetics
Selecting the right eyewear frame is a key element in vision correction and in maintaining the aesthetic coherence of the face. A properly fitted frame ensures not only optimal lens positioning but also highlights the wearer’s individual features, influencing both comfort and self-esteem. This article discusses issues related to facial aesthetics, ergonomics, material biocompatibility, and the role of modern technologies in customized eyewear fitting. It also considers the specific needs of children, for whom the proper selection of frames affects both visual and social development. The discussion is based on current research in optometry, ergonomics, and user-centered design.
University conservative dentistry and orthodontics – historical approach – 80 years of activity to support facial aesthetics
Both scientific and clinical university units: conservative dentistry and orthodontics of the Karol Marcinkowski Medical University in Poznań, have been focusing their didactic, scientific and clinical activities for several decades on improving the aesthetics of the natural appearance of teeth and thus on a beneficial change in the visual aesthetic effect of the face and smile of young and adult residents, especially of the Wielkopolska region.
Face yoga – or just marketing in facial aesthetics
Facial yoga is a contemporary type of activity offered for maintaining a youthful, aesthetic appearance of the face and its skin. The aim of this study is to analyse a number of facial yoga videos available on YouTube in terms of their methodological layout and how they relate to the classical Indian yoga system. The method of the study is to analyse three Polish-language recordings of Facial Yoga. The criterion for selection was the proposed exercise time for viewers - approximately 10 minutes. The research material consisted of quantitative variables (total number of exercises, time or number of repetitions of the exercises, occurrence of additional methods of working with facial structures) and qualitative variables (correct anatomical nomenclature, methodical presentation of the exercises, discussion of indications and contraindications to the use of a given exercise). The results of the analysis of the research material indicate the methodical correctness of the description, demonstration and technique of the exercise. All analysed films are characterised by a methodical transition from the forehead towards the chin (cephalocaudally). The sets of exercises in the individual videos are highly varied; additional techniques related to cosmetology or physiotherapy are also used. Difficulties pointed out by authors of scientific papers on facial yoga classes indicate the need to develop and standardise an exercise methodology to answer the question of its effectiveness in preserving the youthful appearance of the face. It should be stated that the use of the name facial yoga appears to be unauthorised.
The importance of pemphigus diseases in the differential diagnosis of facial aesthetic problems
This review paper was written as a part of continuing medical education/self-education, aimed to draw the attention of clinicians, particularly medical youth, to the fact that diseases with a predilection for the face not only fall within the scope of aesthetic medicine but also include potentially lethal diseases. Hence, it is important to differentiate these diseases at the clinical level. In the case of pemphigus group bullous diseases, a physical examination of cardinal importance for the diagnosis, namely naming the lesions and their locations ("what and where"), should enable the clinician to choose the appropriate laboratory diagnostic procedures. Therefore, laboratory methods of diagnosing pemphigus diseases were critically evaluated here.
Is a smile important in the eyes of facial aesthetics specialists?
Physiologically, a smile is a facial expression created by the tension of facial muscles, but a smile is the ability to communicate emotions that occurs in all people - this is a psychological approach. We automatically perceive smiling people more friendly, more positively. As can be seen from many reports of the participation of dentists in obtaining a nice smile, who, using modern possibilities of dentistry, influence the creation of a smile. No aesthetic facial medicine procedures will improve the smile except dental aesthetic procedures. The order of procedures is also of great importance - dental treatment should precede other facial aesthetic procedures, which will ensure predictable and long-lasting effects in the field of smile aesthetics.
aesthetic procedures of various specialties
Intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of the abnormal tissue healing process
Introduction. Hypertrophic scars and keloids are consequences of abnormalities in the healing process and tissue repair, characterized by excessive fibrosis present throughout the wound distribution. In this sense, there are several extrinsic and intrinsic factors that corroborate the hypertrophic healing process. Aim. To analyze which morphological and metabolic factors accentuate the incidence of hypertrophic scars and keloids in healing processes in the last five years. Material and methods. Systematic review study without meta-analysis outlined by the PRISMA protocol and registered in PROSPERO from the literature bases in the broad area of ​​knowledge of Health Science: PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS), Periódico Capes and LILACS. The research was carried out by crossing the following descriptors: “plastic surgery”, “hypertrophic scar” and “healing”, in which articles written and published from 2020 to 2023 were used. Results. Molecular aspects of tissue modulation, hypertension, genetic factors of single nucleotide polymorphisms and factors related to lifestyle can influence the occurrence of abnormal scars. Conclusions. Hypertrophic scars and keloids are related to extrinsic and intrinsic factors, such as metabolic causes and the patient's postoperative course.
The impact of air pollution on facial skin: pathological mechanisms, clinical implications, and aesthetic aspects
Air pollution is an increasing global health problem that significantly affects various organs, including the skin. The human face, being directly exposed to environmental pollutants, undergoes a series of pathological changes due to air pollution. The aim of this paper is to discuss the mechanisms through which air pollution affects facial skin, focusing on pathophysiological processes, clinical symptoms, and aesthetic implications. Based on selected reports, the results of various studies on oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and changes associated with the skin aging process are presented. Additionally, suggestions for potential therapeutic approaches for facial skin aimed at mitigating the effects of air pollution, including aesthetic aspects, are discussed.
The workshop provided an in‑depth introduction to the principles of traditional Chinese medicine, focusing on the fundamentals of acupuncture and acupressure. Participants gained valuable insights into the pathways of various meridians located on the head and neck, equipping them with essential knowledge to better understand energy flow within the body.
Copyright (c) 2024 The copyright to the submitted manuscript is held by the Author, who grants the Journal of Face Aesthetics (JoFA) a nonexclusive licence to use, reproduce, and distribute the work, including for commercial purposes. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Conference report – 3rd International Interdisciplinary Conference on Health in the Holistic Model International Scientific and Training Conference and International Conference Aesthetics of the Face in a Holistic Approach
On 27.09.2024, the 3rd International Interdisciplinary Conference on Health in the Holistic Model, the International Scientific and Training Conference ‘Facial Aesthetics in the Holistic Approach’ was held at the Congress and Didactic Centre of the Poznan University of Medical Sciences. The conference was organised by the Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Periodontal and Mucosal Diseases, the Department of Orthodontics and Masticatory Dysfunction, the Department of Clinical Psychology, the Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, in cooperation with the Polish Society for Facial Aesthetics. A distinguished group of theoreticians and practitioners representing Dutch and Polish research centres took part.
facial aesthetics from a holistic perspective
Who today remembers what the acronym DPRS stands for?
The Department of Development Poznań Dentistry – DRPS, as young employees called “drops”, was established in September 1991 by a 10-person initiative group, originating from the scientific and teaching staff of the Institute of Dentistry of the Medical Academy in Poznań – today the Karol Marcinkowski Poznań Medical University in Poland.
Department of Development Poznań Dentistry
Case report of Granuloma faciale treatment using triamcinolone injection – aesthetic and clinical effects
Granuloma Faciale is a rare and chronic skin disease. Although many therapeutic options have been described, general and topical treatment often does not bring satisfactory results and invasive modalities may result in scarring or hyperpigmentation. We report a case of Granuloma faciale in a 50-year‑old man. He reported to our clinic with reddish papules on the forehead. Histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis. The treatment included clobetasol propionate followed by tacrolimus with no improvement. The patient was then given intralesional triamcinolone (0.01 g/ml in doses of 0.6ml). Four procedures with 6-weeks intervals were performed. A complete resolution of the lesion with no adverse effects was observed. Although the lesions are difficult to treat with a tendency to recur, they can be successfully treated with intralesional triamcinolone with perfect aesthetic outcome. Such treatment shall be considered a first‑line therapy due to highly satisfying cosmetic results, cost‑effectiveness and minimal risk of adverse effects.
Care masks – types, applications, methods of application to the face and neck
The article presents an overview of available information on face and neck masks available on the retail and professional markets. The aim of the work was to present the types and methods of applying face and neck masks used in cosmetology. The work on care masks for the face and neck, being the opinion of many researchers, suggests that precise clinical tests are necessary as an introduction to further extended research with non‑invasive instrumental measurements, such as microimaging, ultrasound.
Non-invasive facial enhancement through facial muscle gymnastics
The human face is shaped by as many as 70 muscles, which are activated during the day. The visual assessment of the face changes with age, which is associated with the constant passage of time. The process of facial aging is complex, including changes in the skin, connective tissue and muscles. Regular exercises have a positive effect on both the strength of the facial muscles and their rejuvenating effects. Rejuvenating the face, as well as activating the facial expression muscles, can help you look younger, happier and more joyful. Youthful facial contours should be taken care of from adolescence by performing simple exercises. Facial gymnastics is a must at any age, for both women and men, also in cases of using aesthetic medicine procedures.
Injectable methods for lifting the corners of the mouth
Introduction. The appearance of the face changes with age. The skin loses its firmness, and the levels of collagen and hyaluronic acid decrease. Skin tissues begin to succumb to the effects of gravity, leading to the drooping of the corners of the mouth. Aim. The aim of this study is to discuss injectable methods for the treatment of drooping mouth corners based on selected literature. Material and methods. Scientific databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, were analyzed. Articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. Injectable treatment methods using botulinum toxin, hyaluronic acid, or a combination of both substances are possible. Conclusions. The simultaneous application of botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid appears to be beneficial.
Assessment of facial aesthetics based on photography – first impression and aesthetic lines. Part I
Introduction. The perception of beauty depends on many factors. The evaluation of aesthetics by doctors, such as orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons, focuses on anatomical and functional aspects, while random evaluators base their assessments on intuitive preferences. Facial profile assessments use lines like Ricketts, Barcelona and TVL, among others, but the subjectivity of beauty perception makes these assessments require an understanding of patients' expectations. Aim. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the first impression of the face in frontal and profile. Material and methods. 180 black‑and‑white photographs of faces were used. The photographs were of subjects of different ages of both sexes. A VAS scale from 0 to 10 was used for evaluation, with 0 being the lowest rating and 10 being the highest rating. The photographs were rated by three groups of people: random evaluators (laypeople), dentists and doctors of various medical specialties. Results. Doctors gave significantly lower ratings for both en face and profile compared to random evaluators (laypeople). Among dentists, the ratings given were also lower relative to random evaluators (laypeople), but without statistical significance. Conclusions. An attractive profile is often related to social preferences, not just anatomical norms. This means that evaluating a facial profile requires not only accurate measurements, but also an understanding of patients' aesthetic expectations.
Will laser Doppler vibrometry be used in facial aesthetic diagnostics?
Dysfunctions of the temporomandibular joint are associated with disturbances in muscle activity and joint function. It is a coupled joint, so the blockage of one joint requires excessive mobility of the other, which can significantly affect the asymmetry of the lower facial third, or on facial aesthetics. The coexistence of hypertrophy of the masticatory muscles, such as the masseter and temporal muscles, can also influence the change in facial aesthetics and dental arches. Detailed diagnostics of the masticatory system dysfunction provide the opportunity to plan and implement the most effective treatment and restore proper facial aesthetics. Doppler laser vibrometry is a method that allows for vibration measurements without direct contact with the tested object. Doppler laser vibrometry operates on the principle of the Doppler effect and uses a helium‑neon laser. This enables measurements in various fields. In the study, the PDV-100 vibrometer was used. The work presents example studies in which Doppler laser vibrometry was employed, along with a brief description of available laser vibrometers. It also presents the results obtained during the measurement of skull vibrations. Differences in vibration frequency were demonstrated in individuals with temporomandibular joint disorders compared to the control group.
3rd International Interdisciplinary Conference on Health in the Holistic Model International Scientific and Training Conference and International Conference Aesthetics of the Face in a Holistic Approach
The main theme of the conference will be physicality, psychicity, and mentality in facial aesthetics. Guests from the Netherlands, distinguished specialists in facial aesthetics Johan Jansma PhD, and Rutger Schepers PhD will focus on physicality. Their lectures will address issues related to aesthetic surgery of the forehead, eyebrows, and eyelids, as well as fillers and botulinum toxin since it is mostly an off‑label procedure in Poland. Lectures will also be presented by Polish distinguished professors: Prof. Leszek Kubisz, will reveal the secrets of biophysics in facial aesthetics, while Prof. Ewa Mojs, will show the importance of psychics in the psychological area, then Prof. Ewa Baum will consider mentality, that is, the influence of spirituality on facial beauty, Prof. Marzena Liliana Wyganowska, will present issues related to the possibility of using biostimulation and laser acupuncture. Lawyer Agnieszka Zemke‑Górecka PhD will highlight the problem, which concerns us all, of minors who use aesthetic medicine treatments. This part of the conference will be entirely in English with multimedia presentations in both English and Polish. After the lunch break, the lectures will begin in Polish but there will still be bilingual multimedia presentations. So, the next speakers: a guest from the Netherlands and also a graduate of our University, Artur Matthews‑Brzozowski PhD, will show the importance of maxillofacial surgery concerning facial aesthetics, and this will be continued by Oskar Komisarek also PhD. Next, Prof. Dorota Hojan‑Jezierska, will discuss aspects of hearing aid aesthetics, and Katarzyna Dubas PhD, an optometrist, will talk about the selection of eyeglass frames for facial aesthetics. Mentality in aesthetics is a broad topic, in terms of Eastern philosophy this aspect will be presented by Renata Zenobia Śleboda PhD. The issues raised at the end of the meeting are very important, often providing more questions than answers. Practical activities and workshops to promote the natural beauty of the face are also planned, at which it will be a pleasure to meet you.
Report from the Scientific and Training Conference "Weariness – its role and influence on facial appearance"
On November 24, 2023, a Scientific and Training conference entitled: "Weariness – its role and influence on facial appearance" under the patronage of: Magnificence Rector of the Poznań Medical University prof. Andrzej Tykarski, Supreme Medical Chamber, Mayor of Poznań and Greater Poland Medical Chamber. The conference was opened by the President of the Greater Poland Medical Chamber, Dr. Krzysztof Kordel.
On January 5, 2024 were organized by the Polish Society for Facial Aesthetics, in cooperation with the Department of Cosmetology of the Academy of Applied Sciences in Pila, headed by Dr. Agata Skalska‑Stochaj, Workshop on Facial Care, reminiscences after the conference "Fatigue – its role and influence on the appearance of the face", which was held in September 24, November 2023. The workshop was organized at the urgent request of conference participants, both doctors and dentists, and other people interested in facial aesthetics.
Doyens of Wielkopolska University Orthodontics, Professors Tadeusz Ziółkiewicz, Barbara Perzyna and Danuta Kazmierczak
The history of the development of medical and dental sciences, is inextricably linked to outstanding, distinguished figures. In orthodontics, which is largely directed at improving facial aesthetics, the main figures were the late Professors, heads of orthodontic university research and teaching units: Tadeusz Ziółkiewicz, Barbara Perzyna and Danuta Kazmierczak. Each of these Professors has made a golden record both in the university community and in the medical community of the Wielkopolska region of our country.
professors at Poznan University of Medical Sciences
Facial acupuncture as a way to restore external and internal well-being
Facial acupuncture is non‑invasive and safe, and it can significantly improve skin elasticity by stimulating collagen production and enhancing blood circulation. This leads to reduction in wrinkles, improvement in muscle tone, and skin tightening. Acupuncture can help alleviate inflammatory skin conditions like acne or psoriasis by regulating hormonal function and the immune system. Additionally, it can bring mental health benefits by reducing stress and enhancing overall well‑being, potentially boosting self‑confidence and self‑acceptance. Ultimately, facial acupuncture represents a holistic approach to health and beauty, focusing not only on enhancing external appearance but also on balancing the internal energy of the body, which can have a positive impact on quality of life.
In the 21st century, a very important element of interpersonal contacts is the perception of another person. Appearance became the essence of these relationships. It is not only the clothes, but the physiognomy of the person we are in contact with. Aesthetic medicine treatments are most often used by women, but in the last decade this has changed, because men have also started to take care of the appearance of their face. That is why it is so important to address the topic of treatments that gentlemen undergo.
Pre-, post- and long-term visual assessment of the face image after minimally invasive procedures – continuation of the topic
An important element in surgical aesthetic medicine is documentation, including the execution of photographic documentation at every important stage of treatment. Clinical photography is a common and appropriate form of documenting the face in procedural aesthetics. Photographs are considered an integral and necessary part of medical documentation moreover, it can be an important legal document. Instrumental studies, in the literature and in clinical practice, are still in the search for the most favorable algorithm that can serve as a standard technique recommended for practical use in surgical aesthetic medicine of the face. The case described here confirms the validity of photography and shows what possibilities and difficulties can be encountered in the analysis of instrumental documentation data.
minimally invasive surgical aesthetic medicine