Journal of Face Aesthetics (JoFA) is an official journal published in Poland by the Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Articles are published in English and Polish. The journal is made available both in digital form on the Internet (Open Access) and in hard copy. The first issue of JoFA was published in 2018. The journal publishes original articles, systematic reviews, case studies, review articles and editorial letters, as well as memoirs on a variety of topics. The journal's editors are committed to high quality publications and focus on promoting innovative and interdisciplinary research related to facial aesthetics. The research deals with different populations in different cultural and geographic backgrounds, many canons of beauty, so it is important that the results of the research are accessible and understandable to all interested parties. This allows for a better understanding of differences between populations and more effective health decision-making. Dissemination of research results can be done in a variety of ways, such as scientific publications, scientific conferences, seminars, workshops or information campaigns. It is also important to ensure - and this is guaranteed by JoFA - that information is communicated in a way that is accessible to everyone, regardless of their level of education or social status. By widely disseminating research results, it is also possible to promote an evidence-based attitude and build trust in science and expertise. We invite you to read JoFA and to submit your articles for publication in our journal. We are confident that JoFA is a valuable resource for all those interested in the subject of facial aesthetics, and we look forward to sharing with you the latest scientific developments in this field. Indexed in: Ministry of Science and Higher Education: 5 pts per article
Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
University conservative dentistry and orthodontics – historical approach – 80 years of activity to support facial aesthetics
Both scientific and clinical university units: conservative dentistry and orthodontics of the Karol Marcinkowski Medical University in Poznań, have been focusing their didactic, scientific and clinical activities for several decades on improving the aesthetics of the natural appearance of teeth and thus on a beneficial change in the visual aesthetic effect of the face and smile of young and adult residents, especially of the Wielkopolska region.
Copyright (c) 2025 The copyright to the submitted manuscript is held by the Author, who grants the Journal of Face Aesthetics (JoFA) a nonexclusive licence to use, reproduce, and distribute the work, including for commercial purposes. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Face yoga – or just marketing in facial aesthetics
Facial yoga is a contemporary type of activity offered for maintaining a youthful, aesthetic appearance of the face and its skin. The aim of this study is to analyse a number of facial yoga videos available on YouTube in terms of their methodological layout and how they relate to the classical Indian yoga system. The method of the study is to analyse three Polish-language recordings of Facial Yoga. The criterion for selection was the proposed exercise time for viewers - approximately 10 minutes. The research material consisted of quantitative variables (total number of exercises, time or number of repetitions of the exercises, occurrence of additional methods of working with facial structures) and qualitative variables (correct anatomical nomenclature, methodical presentation of the exercises, discussion of indications and contraindications to the use of a given exercise). The results of the analysis of the research material indicate the methodical correctness of the description, demonstration and technique of the exercise. All analysed films are characterised by a methodical transition from the forehead towards the chin (cephalocaudally). The sets of exercises in the individual videos are highly varied; additional techniques related to cosmetology or physiotherapy are also used. Difficulties pointed out by authors of scientific papers on facial yoga classes indicate the need to develop and standardise an exercise methodology to answer the question of its effectiveness in preserving the youthful appearance of the face. It should be stated that the use of the name facial yoga appears to be unauthorised.
The importance of pemphigus diseases in the differential diagnosis of facial aesthetic problems
This review paper was written as a part of continuing medical education/self-education, aimed to draw the attention of clinicians, particularly medical youth, to the fact that diseases with a predilection for the face not only fall within the scope of aesthetic medicine but also include potentially lethal diseases. Hence, it is important to differentiate these diseases at the clinical level. In the case of pemphigus group bullous diseases, a physical examination of cardinal importance for the diagnosis, namely naming the lesions and their locations ("what and where"), should enable the clinician to choose the appropriate laboratory diagnostic procedures. Therefore, laboratory methods of diagnosing pemphigus diseases were critically evaluated here.
Is a smile important in the eyes of facial aesthetics specialists?
Physiologically, a smile is a facial expression created by the tension of facial muscles, but a smile is the ability to communicate emotions that occurs in all people - this is a psychological approach. We automatically perceive smiling people more friendly, more positively. As can be seen from many reports of the participation of dentists in obtaining a nice smile, who, using modern possibilities of dentistry, influence the creation of a smile. No aesthetic facial medicine procedures will improve the smile except dental aesthetic procedures. The order of procedures is also of great importance - dental treatment should precede other facial aesthetic procedures, which will ensure predictable and long-lasting effects in the field of smile aesthetics.
aesthetic procedures of various specialties
Intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of the abnormal tissue healing process
Introduction. Hypertrophic scars and keloids are consequences of abnormalities in the healing process and tissue repair, characterized by excessive fibrosis present throughout the wound distribution. In this sense, there are several extrinsic and intrinsic factors that corroborate the hypertrophic healing process. Aim. To analyze which morphological and metabolic factors accentuate the incidence of hypertrophic scars and keloids in healing processes in the last five years. Material and methods. Systematic review study without meta-analysis outlined by the PRISMA protocol and registered in PROSPERO from the literature bases in the broad area of ​​knowledge of Health Science: PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS), Periódico Capes and LILACS. The research was carried out by crossing the following descriptors: “plastic surgery”, “hypertrophic scar” and “healing”, in which articles written and published from 2020 to 2023 were used. Results. Molecular aspects of tissue modulation, hypertension, genetic factors of single nucleotide polymorphisms and factors related to lifestyle can influence the occurrence of abnormal scars. Conclusions. Hypertrophic scars and keloids are related to extrinsic and intrinsic factors, such as metabolic causes and the patient's postoperative course.
The impact of air pollution on facial skin: pathological mechanisms, clinical implications, and aesthetic aspects
Air pollution is an increasing global health problem that significantly affects various organs, including the skin. The human face, being directly exposed to environmental pollutants, undergoes a series of pathological changes due to air pollution. The aim of this paper is to discuss the mechanisms through which air pollution affects facial skin, focusing on pathophysiological processes, clinical symptoms, and aesthetic implications. Based on selected reports, the results of various studies on oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and changes associated with the skin aging process are presented. Additionally, suggestions for potential therapeutic approaches for facial skin aimed at mitigating the effects of air pollution, including aesthetic aspects, are discussed.
The workshop provided an in‑depth introduction to the principles of traditional Chinese medicine, focusing on the fundamentals of acupuncture and acupressure. Participants gained valuable insights into the pathways of various meridians located on the head and neck, equipping them with essential knowledge to better understand energy flow within the body.
Copyright (c) 2024 The copyright to the submitted manuscript is held by the Author, who grants the Journal of Face Aesthetics (JoFA) a nonexclusive licence to use, reproduce, and distribute the work, including for commercial purposes. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Conference report – 3rd International Interdisciplinary Conference on Health in the Holistic Model International Scientific and Training Conference and International Conference Aesthetics of the Face in a Holistic Approach
On 27.09.2024, the 3rd International Interdisciplinary Conference on Health in the Holistic Model, the International Scientific and Training Conference ‘Facial Aesthetics in the Holistic Approach’ was held at the Congress and Didactic Centre of the Poznan University of Medical Sciences. The conference was organised by the Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Periodontal and Mucosal Diseases, the Department of Orthodontics and Masticatory Dysfunction, the Department of Clinical Psychology, the Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, in cooperation with the Polish Society for Facial Aesthetics. A distinguished group of theoreticians and practitioners representing Dutch and Polish research centres took part.
facial aesthetics from a holistic perspective
Who today remembers what the acronym DPRS stands for?
The Department of Development Poznań Dentistry – DRPS, as young employees called “drops”, was established in September 1991 by a 10-person initiative group, originating from the scientific and teaching staff of the Institute of Dentistry of the Medical Academy in Poznań – today the Karol Marcinkowski Poznań Medical University in Poland.
Department of Development Poznań Dentistry
Case report of Granuloma faciale treatment using triamcinolone injection – aesthetic and clinical effects
Granuloma Faciale is a rare and chronic skin disease. Although many therapeutic options have been described, general and topical treatment often does not bring satisfactory results and invasive modalities may result in scarring or hyperpigmentation. We report a case of Granuloma faciale in a 50-year‑old man. He reported to our clinic with reddish papules on the forehead. Histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis. The treatment included clobetasol propionate followed by tacrolimus with no improvement. The patient was then given intralesional triamcinolone (0.01 g/ml in doses of 0.6ml). Four procedures with 6-weeks intervals were performed. A complete resolution of the lesion with no adverse effects was observed. Although the lesions are difficult to treat with a tendency to recur, they can be successfully treated with intralesional triamcinolone with perfect aesthetic outcome. Such treatment shall be considered a first‑line therapy due to highly satisfying cosmetic results, cost‑effectiveness and minimal risk of adverse effects.
Care masks – types, applications, methods of application to the face and neck
The article presents an overview of available information on face and neck masks available on the retail and professional markets. The aim of the work was to present the types and methods of applying face and neck masks used in cosmetology. The work on care masks for the face and neck, being the opinion of many researchers, suggests that precise clinical tests are necessary as an introduction to further extended research with non‑invasive instrumental measurements, such as microimaging, ultrasound.
Non-invasive facial enhancement through facial muscle gymnastics
The human face is shaped by as many as 70 muscles, which are activated during the day. The visual assessment of the face changes with age, which is associated with the constant passage of time. The process of facial aging is complex, including changes in the skin, connective tissue and muscles. Regular exercises have a positive effect on both the strength of the facial muscles and their rejuvenating effects. Rejuvenating the face, as well as activating the facial expression muscles, can help you look younger, happier and more joyful. Youthful facial contours should be taken care of from adolescence by performing simple exercises. Facial gymnastics is a must at any age, for both women and men, also in cases of using aesthetic medicine procedures.
Injectable methods for lifting the corners of the mouth
Introduction. The appearance of the face changes with age. The skin loses its firmness, and the levels of collagen and hyaluronic acid decrease. Skin tissues begin to succumb to the effects of gravity, leading to the drooping of the corners of the mouth. Aim. The aim of this study is to discuss injectable methods for the treatment of drooping mouth corners based on selected literature. Material and methods. Scientific databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, were analyzed. Articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. Injectable treatment methods using botulinum toxin, hyaluronic acid, or a combination of both substances are possible. Conclusions. The simultaneous application of botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid appears to be beneficial.
Assessment of facial aesthetics based on photography – first impression and aesthetic lines. Part I
Introduction. The perception of beauty depends on many factors. The evaluation of aesthetics by doctors, such as orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons, focuses on anatomical and functional aspects, while random evaluators base their assessments on intuitive preferences. Facial profile assessments use lines like Ricketts, Barcelona and TVL, among others, but the subjectivity of beauty perception makes these assessments require an understanding of patients' expectations. Aim. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the first impression of the face in frontal and profile. Material and methods. 180 black‑and‑white photographs of faces were used. The photographs were of subjects of different ages of both sexes. A VAS scale from 0 to 10 was used for evaluation, with 0 being the lowest rating and 10 being the highest rating. The photographs were rated by three groups of people: random evaluators (laypeople), dentists and doctors of various medical specialties. Results. Doctors gave significantly lower ratings for both en face and profile compared to random evaluators (laypeople). Among dentists, the ratings given were also lower relative to random evaluators (laypeople), but without statistical significance. Conclusions. An attractive profile is often related to social preferences, not just anatomical norms. This means that evaluating a facial profile requires not only accurate measurements, but also an understanding of patients' aesthetic expectations.
Will laser Doppler vibrometry be used in facial aesthetic diagnostics?
Dysfunctions of the temporomandibular joint are associated with disturbances in muscle activity and joint function. It is a coupled joint, so the blockage of one joint requires excessive mobility of the other, which can significantly affect the asymmetry of the lower facial third, or on facial aesthetics. The coexistence of hypertrophy of the masticatory muscles, such as the masseter and temporal muscles, can also influence the change in facial aesthetics and dental arches. Detailed diagnostics of the masticatory system dysfunction provide the opportunity to plan and implement the most effective treatment and restore proper facial aesthetics. Doppler laser vibrometry is a method that allows for vibration measurements without direct contact with the tested object. Doppler laser vibrometry operates on the principle of the Doppler effect and uses a helium‑neon laser. This enables measurements in various fields. In the study, the PDV-100 vibrometer was used. The work presents example studies in which Doppler laser vibrometry was employed, along with a brief description of available laser vibrometers. It also presents the results obtained during the measurement of skull vibrations. Differences in vibration frequency were demonstrated in individuals with temporomandibular joint disorders compared to the control group.
3rd International Interdisciplinary Conference on Health in the Holistic Model International Scientific and Training Conference and International Conference Aesthetics of the Face in a Holistic Approach
The main theme of the conference will be physicality, psychicity, and mentality in facial aesthetics. Guests from the Netherlands, distinguished specialists in facial aesthetics Johan Jansma PhD, and Rutger Schepers PhD will focus on physicality. Their lectures will address issues related to aesthetic surgery of the forehead, eyebrows, and eyelids, as well as fillers and botulinum toxin since it is mostly an off‑label procedure in Poland. Lectures will also be presented by Polish distinguished professors: Prof. Leszek Kubisz, will reveal the secrets of biophysics in facial aesthetics, while Prof. Ewa Mojs, will show the importance of psychics in the psychological area, then Prof. Ewa Baum will consider mentality, that is, the influence of spirituality on facial beauty, Prof. Marzena Liliana Wyganowska, will present issues related to the possibility of using biostimulation and laser acupuncture. Lawyer Agnieszka Zemke‑Górecka PhD will highlight the problem, which concerns us all, of minors who use aesthetic medicine treatments. This part of the conference will be entirely in English with multimedia presentations in both English and Polish. After the lunch break, the lectures will begin in Polish but there will still be bilingual multimedia presentations. So, the next speakers: a guest from the Netherlands and also a graduate of our University, Artur Matthews‑Brzozowski PhD, will show the importance of maxillofacial surgery concerning facial aesthetics, and this will be continued by Oskar Komisarek also PhD. Next, Prof. Dorota Hojan‑Jezierska, will discuss aspects of hearing aid aesthetics, and Katarzyna Dubas PhD, an optometrist, will talk about the selection of eyeglass frames for facial aesthetics. Mentality in aesthetics is a broad topic, in terms of Eastern philosophy this aspect will be presented by Renata Zenobia Śleboda PhD. The issues raised at the end of the meeting are very important, often providing more questions than answers. Practical activities and workshops to promote the natural beauty of the face are also planned, at which it will be a pleasure to meet you.
Report from the Scientific and Training Conference "Weariness – its role and influence on facial appearance"
On November 24, 2023, a Scientific and Training conference entitled: "Weariness – its role and influence on facial appearance" under the patronage of: Magnificence Rector of the Poznań Medical University prof. Andrzej Tykarski, Supreme Medical Chamber, Mayor of Poznań and Greater Poland Medical Chamber. The conference was opened by the President of the Greater Poland Medical Chamber, Dr. Krzysztof Kordel.
On January 5, 2024 were organized by the Polish Society for Facial Aesthetics, in cooperation with the Department of Cosmetology of the Academy of Applied Sciences in Pila, headed by Dr. Agata Skalska‑Stochaj, Workshop on Facial Care, reminiscences after the conference "Fatigue – its role and influence on the appearance of the face", which was held in September 24, November 2023. The workshop was organized at the urgent request of conference participants, both doctors and dentists, and other people interested in facial aesthetics.
Doyens of Wielkopolska University Orthodontics, Professors Tadeusz Ziółkiewicz, Barbara Perzyna and Danuta Kazmierczak
The history of the development of medical and dental sciences, is inextricably linked to outstanding, distinguished figures. In orthodontics, which is largely directed at improving facial aesthetics, the main figures were the late Professors, heads of orthodontic university research and teaching units: Tadeusz Ziółkiewicz, Barbara Perzyna and Danuta Kazmierczak. Each of these Professors has made a golden record both in the university community and in the medical community of the Wielkopolska region of our country.
professors at Poznan University of Medical Sciences
Facial acupuncture as a way to restore external and internal well-being
Facial acupuncture is non‑invasive and safe, and it can significantly improve skin elasticity by stimulating collagen production and enhancing blood circulation. This leads to reduction in wrinkles, improvement in muscle tone, and skin tightening. Acupuncture can help alleviate inflammatory skin conditions like acne or psoriasis by regulating hormonal function and the immune system. Additionally, it can bring mental health benefits by reducing stress and enhancing overall well‑being, potentially boosting self‑confidence and self‑acceptance. Ultimately, facial acupuncture represents a holistic approach to health and beauty, focusing not only on enhancing external appearance but also on balancing the internal energy of the body, which can have a positive impact on quality of life.
In the 21st century, a very important element of interpersonal contacts is the perception of another person. Appearance became the essence of these relationships. It is not only the clothes, but the physiognomy of the person we are in contact with. Aesthetic medicine treatments are most often used by women, but in the last decade this has changed, because men have also started to take care of the appearance of their face. That is why it is so important to address the topic of treatments that gentlemen undergo.
Pre-, post- and long-term visual assessment of the face image after minimally invasive procedures – continuation of the topic
An important element in surgical aesthetic medicine is documentation, including the execution of photographic documentation at every important stage of treatment. Clinical photography is a common and appropriate form of documenting the face in procedural aesthetics. Photographs are considered an integral and necessary part of medical documentation moreover, it can be an important legal document. Instrumental studies, in the literature and in clinical practice, are still in the search for the most favorable algorithm that can serve as a standard technique recommended for practical use in surgical aesthetic medicine of the face. The case described here confirms the validity of photography and shows what possibilities and difficulties can be encountered in the analysis of instrumental documentation data.
minimally invasive surgical aesthetic medicine
The impact of orthodontic treatment on the soft tissue profile – case report
The planning of orthodontic treatment involves not only defining desired tooth movements to achieve a proper bite but, above all, predicting the impact of these actions on the soft facial tissues. The position of teeth, especially in the front part of the upper and lower jaw, determines the support of the lips, whose harmonious arrangement is a significant factor determining facial aesthetics. The case of a patient is presented in this work, who was diagnosed with a deficiency of space for the correct alignment of teeth, excessive protrusion and inclination of incisor teeth, increased tension of the muscles around the mouth, and chin during lip closure. After a thorough analysis of diagnostic data, it was decided to undergo orthodontic treatment combined with the extraction of 4 premolars, which, after 28 months, led to achieving proper occlusal conditions and a significant improvement in the aesthetics and function of the soft tissues of the facial profile.
Aesthetic medicine – limits of physician and dentist competence in the light of the positions of the medical self‑government
The lack of unified legislation concerns in aesthetic medicine (including surgical aesthetic medicine of the face), has recently caused this problem to occupy special attention of the Supreme Medical Council. This work mainly deals with the legal aspects and problems encountered by physicians and dentists in the field of aesthetic medicine and facial aesthetics, paying special attention to the definition of aesthetic medicine, aesthetic medicine as a health benefit and also the rights of physicians and dentists under the current legislation.
Scientific and Training Conference Weariness – its role and influence on facial appearance
Scientific and Training Conference Weariness – its role and influence on facial appearance Poznań, November 24th 2023 Abstracts
Copyright (c) 2023 The copyright to the submitted manuscript is held by the Author, who grants the Journal of Face Aesthetics (JoFA) a nonexclusive licence to use, reproduce, and distribute the work, including for commercial purposes. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Professor Paweł Piotrowski – an extraordinary personality in the realm of memoirs
The article presents the biography, numerous achievements and personality characteristics of Professor Paweł Piotrowski (1948–2021). He was an excellent university lecturer and pedagogue, dedicating his profession to the field of dental prosthetics. He has authored and co-authored 102 full-text papers published in scientific journals both in Poland and internationally. Paweł Piotrowski was entrusted with the care of patients after craniofacial tumour operations as an assistant, and he dedicated the rest of his life to this subject. He was the head of the Department of Oral Rehabilitation at PUMS (2004–2015) and additionally in 2007 established the Laboratory of Stomatognathic System Dysfunctions. He was deeply committed to delivering lectures as part of the Postgraduate Course on Facial Aesthetics, as well as conducting numerous courses within various specialisation programs. Moreover, Pawel Piotrowski was characterised by his multifaceted and fascinating personality, and was a unique and exceptional man.
Thermographic profile of the face before treatment with autologous preparation – a preliminary report
The paper presents a thermographic image of the face of a 30-year-old patient before an autologous procedure using her own blood (CGF-Harmony) in the upper and middle parts of the face. The thermographic method is non-invasive, safe and non-contact. The possibility of using thermography in aesthetic medicine is important because it brings certain values, but one should be aware of the existence of certain limitations in thermography tests, resulting from many factors such as diet, use of various cosmetics, other environmental conditions and others.
Facial aesthetic medicine treatments in the socio-social aspect
Interventional facial aesthetic medicine allows the facial skin to maintain a favorable appearance at any age, both in women and men. However, it is important to remember how many factors affect the condition of the facial skin. Some of them are presented in the paper.
The impact of demographic changes in Poland on the development of the aesthetic medicine market
The phenomenon of an "aging Polish society" is a multi‑faceted problem which includes, among others, an increase in average life expectancy, an increased proportion of older people in the population, as well as migration to large cities. These changes, which have been taking place for many years, have impacted the development of the aesthetic medicine market. Through analyzing the general population demographics against the demographics of the aesthetic medicine market, we believe that in the coming years there will be an increased demand for aesthetic treatments in people over 50 years of age, especially in offices located in large urban centers.
Surgical Corner of the Mouth Lift – Case Study
A smile is an expression of joy and sympathy, serving as a vital element of social communication. The process of aging has a notable impact on both skin elasticity and muscle tone, which consequently results in alterations in the appearance of the corners of the mouth and the overall smile. Notably, the emergence of 'marionette lines,' vertical wrinkles extending from the mouth's corners to the base of the chin, signifies a visible manifestation of the aging process. These changes exert influence on both aesthetic aspects and personal hygiene, potentially leading to the development of inflammatory conditions. This article presents a case study focusing on a female patient who underwent surgical correction of the mouth's corners due to recurrent angular cheilitis. The patient presented with ptotic mouth corners, excessive salivation, and erythema at the angles of the mouth, often accompanied by painful discomfort during exacerbations of the inflammatory condition. The treatment method applied in this specific case involved the utilization of the triangular technique. Subsequent to the surgical procedure, the patient expressed satisfaction with the outcome, and her mouth corners remained free from inflammatory episodes for a duration of two years.
surgical correction of mouth corners using the triangle method